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Exponents and the exponent laws

Base and exponent, squares, cubes and roots, and the exponent laws. Read one part at a time and tap “I know this”. Then test yourself in the quiz.

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Exponents

An exponent says how many times the base is used as a factor: 2⁵ = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 (the 2 five times) = 32.

TermExample
square (²)7² = 49
cube (³)3³ = 27
square root (√)√49 = 7
cube root (∛)∛27 = 3
Watch out

3² is not 3 × 2: 3² = 3 × 3 = 9.

  • Know the squares from 1² to 12²: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144. Know the cubes from 1³ to 6³: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216.
  • Work out exponents and roots before ×, ÷, + and −: 2³ + √16 = 8 + 4 = 12.
  • √(9 + 16) = √25 = 5, but √9 + √16 = 3 + 4 = 7: they are not the same.
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Exponent laws

LawExample
aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ2³ × 2² = 2⁵
aᵐ ÷ aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ5⁶ ÷ 5² = 5⁴
(aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐˣⁿ(3²)³ = 3⁶
a⁰ = 17⁰ = 1
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Remember this and test yourself

Remember this: your summary
  • The exponent says how many times the base is used as a factor.
  • 7² = 49; 3³ = 27.
  • √49 = 7; ∛27 = 3.
  • 3² = 3 × 3, not 3 × 2.

Write these points in your book. Read them again the night before the test.

Memory trick

The small number on top is the boss: it says how many times.

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Important words

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Test yourself · Part 2

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