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Summaries · Grade 6 Maths › Addition and subtraction
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Addition and subtraction

Adding and subtracting in columns, with carrying and borrowing. Read one part at a time and tap “I know this”. Then test yourself in the quiz.

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Columns: addition

  1. Write the numbers under each other: U under U, T under T.
  2. Start with the units (right).
  3. If the total is 10 or more, write the units and carry the ten to the next column.
Rule

2 478 + 1 365: 8 + 5 = 13 → write 3, carry 1; 7 + 6 + 1 = 14 → write 4, carry 1; 4 + 3 + 1 = 8; 2 + 1 = 3. Answer: 3 843.

Bigger numbers work the same way, column by column: 356 478 + 245 869 = 602 347.

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Columns: subtraction

If the top digit is too small, borrow 1 from the column on the left (it becomes 10 in your column).

Rule

Borrowing across zeros: 600 000 − 245 869. 0 − 9 won’t go, so borrow from the 6: it becomes 5, the four zeros in between each become 9 and the units become 10. 10 − 9 = 1; 9 − 6 = 3; 9 − 8 = 1; 9 − 5 = 4; 9 − 4 = 5; 5 − 2 = 3. Answer: 354 131.

Meerkat tip

Check subtraction with addition: 5 000 − 1 234 = 3 766, because 3 766 + 1 234 = 5 000.

WordOperation
sum, total, altogether, in all+
difference, less, how many left, how many more−
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Smart techniques

  • Estimate first: 48 615 + 29 870 ≈ 49 000 + 30 000 = 79 000.
  • Compensate: 4 568 + 1 998 = 4 568 + 2 000 − 2 = 6 566.
  • Inverse operation: check 6 566 − 1 998 = 4 568.
  • A calculator helps with big numbers, but always estimate first so you notice a typing mistake.
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Remember this and test yourself

Remember this: your summary
  • Write digits in their correct columns.
  • Start with the units.
  • Carry when adding; borrow when subtracting.
  • Sum = add; difference = subtract.
  • Check subtraction with addition.

Write these points in your book. Read them again the night before the test.

Memory trick

Start right, end left: units first.

Flash cards · Tap to turn over

Important words

First say the answer yourself, then turn the card over.

Now the real quiz!

The quiz has many more questions on this topic. Every question shows straight away whether you are right and explains why.

Take the quiz: Addition and subtraction
Practise it step by step: Extra Maths ClassAll Grade 6 Maths summaries
For parents
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Follows CAPS for Grade 6 Mathematics. Always check your teacher’s notes and textbook too.

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